Dopamine Reward Prediction Error Responses Reflect Marginal Utility
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Dopamine Reward Prediction Error Responses Reflect Marginal Utility
BACKGROUND Optimal choices require an accurate neuronal representation of economic value. In economics, utility functions are mathematical representations of subjective value that can be constructed from choices under risk. Utility usually exhibits a nonlinear relationship to physical reward value that corresponds to risk attitudes and reflects the increasing or decreasing marginal utility obta...
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Reward prediction errors consist of the differences between received and predicted rewards. They are crucial for basic forms of learning about rewards and make us strive for more rewards-an evolutionary beneficial trait. Most dopamine neurons in the midbrain of humans, monkeys, and rodents signal a reward prediction error; they are activated by more reward than predicted (positive prediction er...
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The phasic firing rate of midbrain dopamine neurons has been shown to respond both to the receipt of rewarding stimuli, and the degree to which such stimuli are anticipated by the recipient. This has led to the hypothesis that these neurons encode reward prediction error (RPE)-the difference between how rewarding an event is, and how rewarding it was expected to be. However, the RPE model is on...
متن کاملDopamine, Reward Prediction Error, and Economics∗
The neurotransmitter dopamine has been found to play a crucial role in choice, learning and belief formation. The best developed current theory of dopaminergic function is the “reward prediction error” hypothesis that dopamine encodes the difference between the experienced and predicted “reward” of an event. We provide axiomatic foundations for this hypothesis to help bridge the current concept...
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According to the law of demand, the quantity demanded for a reward is dependent upon the price; as the price of the reward increases, the quantity demanded decreases (1). Conversely, when the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases. This relationship can be observed at any local bar during “happy hour,” a limited time during which the price of beer is discounted. As happy hour draws to...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current Biology
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0960-9822
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.064